Behind the Scenes before a Law is passed

Every legislation all starts with an idea that may have come from a staff member, a legislator, a professional lobbyist or at times, even an average citizen. The legislation fails or succeeds depending on several factors. Advocacy organizations are representing the point-of-view of like-minded people with regards to opposing or supporting bills. But still, it all falls to the individual constituent what the decision is going to be.

Is the Power to Rule Lies on One Person only?

It might seem a single individual can’t impact the legislative process. After all, history holds that the government is broken and that the political process is corrupt. Politicians are not listening to its constituents and to average citizens and legislators can’t do anything.

Regardless of how common and frequent these narratives are, it must still be challenged. While the government is not functioning effectively and it could sometimes be difficult to make the legislators listen, using effective communication strategy can help boost the odds that your opinion will make an impact.

Remember, even though you might just be one and voiceless, it matters in the legislative process. At the same time, the only way of making real difference is to use it in advocating for issues that you really care about.

Persuading Elected Officials

Now as mentioned, only one can make the decision whether the proposed legislation will be approved or not. Your job is not to meddle with the process. Rather, it is to think of how you can persuade the legislator that it is the right thing to do. Fortunately, there are a few ways of doing that.

Personal Relationship

Staff members, family and friends have a huge influence on the decisions made by elected officials. If you will know how to tap on these people and show the value of your proposal, you may just be able to turn the tide in your favor.

What’s Your Message?

Anything you say to an elected official is important. With this in mind, it is imperative to ensure that you formulate it carefully before telling. This is like any other marketing approaches whether you are doing it for a political campaign, for a testosteron bartwuchs zusammenhang product and whatnot, everything you say should be executed intelligently.

Media

Events covered by media will typically have a big impact on what elected officials are going to discuss in hearings and introduce as legislation.

Policy | Publishing A House

On November 15, in Book Street in Ho Chi Minh City, the Chinh tri quôc Gia- Su thât Publishing House organized a book exhibition and a seminar to present the book Building and Governing a Smart City on national and social security indicators during the industrial revolution 4.0. This is an activity in the 75 years of the program of this publisher (December 5, 1945 – December 5, 2020) and the celebration of the XIII the National Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP). This event was carried out in the presence of Truong Tân Sang, former President of the Republic.

This publishing house also retraced its 75 years of history, it’s founding and its development. Formerly known as the Truth Publishing House, was founded on December 5, 1945, and headed by CPV General Secretary Truong Chinh. Over 75 years of construction and development, generations of executives, officials, and employees have constantly strived to become a vital unit in the field of publishing theoretical-political-legal and ideological books. On this occasion, the Publishing House presented to the public books selected by theme: books of Truth published from 1945 to 1992; those of the Publishing House “National Policy – Truth” from 1992 to today; the great classics (Mark Angghen, Lenin), Party Building; Books on President Ho Chi Minh; Books on Party and State leaders. We also know that after you study about this policy you want to go home and take a rest, but we suggest to take a look at grey sleigh bed for more comfortable rest and details.

For a smart city

As part of the program, the organizing committee also presented the book Building and governing the smart city to guarantee national and social security indicators in the 4.0 industrial revolution by Nguyên Van Thanh, member of the Central Committee of the Party, Deputy Minister of Police. The latter answers many questions that preoccupy executives and readers, such as: What is a smart city? Why build smart cities for cities in the era of a rapidly changing world with the rapid explosion of the Fourth Industrial Revolution? What is the connotation of a smart city? Do the tools and indicators adapted to manage and evaluate smart cities correspond to the international market? According to the author, smart city governance needs a new approach appropriate to industrial revolution 4.0, coupled with the implementation of 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This book also mentions some models of smart city construction in Vietnam (Haï Phong, Cân Tho, and Bac Ninh province).

Modernizing the publication and distribution of books

Since 2015, this unit has had 19 publications awarded the Vietnam Good Books Prize. In early 2020, its e-book publishing and distribution system was put in place. At the same time, this Publishing House has invested in equipment to digitize theoretical and political books in order to build up a long-term database that can be used for the publication and distribution of electronic books; to modernize publishing technology; to build electronic book libraries in municipalities, neighborhoods, and cantons.

Using A Computer As A Judge Isn’t Such A Bad Idea

What does science says computers are indispensable helpers. They often act and think for humans already. Could they also take over the work of a judge in the future? Professor Jaap van den Herik (Leiden University) thinks that in the future, full reviews of computers can take over the work of a judge. “Without realizing it, computers are already making many important decisions. Just think of a plane trip. For the greater part of the journey, your life is in the hands of an on-board computer and not of the pilot”, says the professor.

But why would that computer also do well in court? Well, it helps that the PC is very good at searching for old lawsuits. It’s like this: when a judge has to make a ruling, he looks at rulings from previous cases that are very similar to the current ones. For example, was someone fined 500 euros five years ago for deliberately letting his dog defecate in the neighbor’s garden for a year? The judge will now take this into account in its consideration.

problem with the computers: they are copying the old mistakes of human judges

Now it appears that judges are not very good at searching for old cases in a database. In 1985, scientists discovered that lawyers could find only 20 percent of relevant cases. And that while they themselves thought they could figure out 75 percent of the cases. Fortunately, lawyers have gotten better at this in recent years and most are now hitting 80 percent. But it still can’t match the 98 percent of relevant cases discovered by the PC. Conclusion: Based on more of those old cases, the computer therefore in principle gives a fairer punishment than a human judge. There is one big problem with computers: they are copying the old mistakes of human judges. According to Van den Herik, for example, there are old cases where the pronunciation was sometimes ‘literally colored’. On average, people of color were punished more severely than white people. The computer will discover this pattern based on all those old things. How?

Birthplace

In statements, for example, the place of birth of a suspect is always mentioned. If you add up all the cases, it could be that sentences given to people born in Curaçao are usually higher than people born in the Netherlands, even if the offense is the same. The computer will not recognize this as wrong or suspicious. In fact, he will think this is appropriate and will automatically impose a higher penalty in future cases on people born in Curaçao. Nevertheless, the professor is hopeful, because hard work is now being done on computer algorithms that can recognize these errors and ensure that skin color or origin are not a factor in determining the penalty. “I think that will work, and then people can be tried by a computer in the future.”

Understanding the Section 230 Provision that Trump Wants Congress to Repeal

Aside from the $2k stimulus check amount, Trump’s additional condition to his signing of the 2021 Appropriations Bill was the repeal of Sec.230 of CDA. Also known as the Communications Decency Act, its Section 230 provision gives protection against legal liabilities that may arise from any content posted by users of a media platform.

The recent attack on Section 230 is a totally different issue from an earlier Twitter feud relate to the platform’s ban on political campaigns. Trump is currently claiming that social media sites are allowing the Democrats to steal the election.

Actually, at a time when social media sites banned the posting of political campaigns in their platform, what the Democrats were able to accomplish in using Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and instagram, was to convince people to exercise their right to vote. Trump of course did not want this to happen, since the main reason he won the 2016 elections is that many Democratic voters did not participate in the election process.

Not to stray from the main topic, the greater interest is knowing what exactly does Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, provide as protection to communication networks like social media platforms.

What Exactly is Section 230 and How Does it Affect Users of Social Media Platforms?

Section 230 was created and introduced in 1996 by Rep. Chris Cox (R-California) and Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Oregon) so that owners of websites can freely moderate content and without worry of any legal responsibilities. This particular law gives websites protection against lawsuits, if ever a user posts topics that become subjects of lawsuits. The privilege afforded by Section 230 though, does not exempt websites from carrying content that violate federal criminal laws, phornographic works, and copyright violations.

Still, the Act encompasses a lot of services, including allowing audience and users to post and exchange comments. The liability-free status makes Section 230 very important for social media networks since they don’t have control over comments and other post interactions linked to their users’ posts; or tweets as in the case of Twitter.

Experts insist that the wide protection the law provides, allows dominant companies to overlook the potential real harm posed by users of their platforms. Lawmakers on the other hand had put forward incorrect arguments; illogically claiming that the section only safeguards the interest of those who support neither left wing or right wing advocates or those in neutral platforms.

Additionally, a lot of people connect Section 230 to the First Amendment that prohibits governments from imposing limits on various forms of speech. Section 230 eased the pressure on tech companies to observe rules that require them to regulate and limit content based on a specific political standpoint or ideology. Such a requirement would have been unlawful because it violates the First Amendment.

Legal experts contend that if ever Section 230 is removed, social media platforms would be forced to change the way they operate and manage their platforms.

Companies on the other hand, who benefit from the cost-efficient approach in marketing their brands, would have to evaluate every content their marketers’ or influencers’ present as creative content, before posting and sharing them in social media platforms, if only to ensure that non-controversial topics will be posted.

In today’s marketing strategies, brand promoters and influencers are capable of curating their content in Instagram by using an analytics tool. The tool is useful in generating Instagram stats related to their posts, giving them insights on those that are working as far as achievement of their goals are concerned.

If social media companies impose limitations on what they can create as content, Instagram users will not be able to reach a broader set of audience.

US Congressional Election 2020

The US Senate could become decisive for the balance of power in the US after Joe Biden’s election victory. The Republicans have a tiny step – a mandate – before securing that vital power resource. But Donald Trump, of all people, is apparently causing the conservatives to tremble before the final runoff election in Georgia. This emerges from an internal conversation, the contents of which were forwarded to the Washington Post.

The Washington Post is popular for its prints. They make use of the highest technology in printing including laser printer for cardstock

The goal for the runoff election for the two Senate seats must be “to mobilize all voters again,” said Republican Senator David Perdue, according to the report, in a phone call with party donors a week ago: “That is always difficult in a presidential election year. Especially in this one, considering the fact that President Trump will probably not stay in office. ”Perdue also spoke of an “ anti-Trump election result ” in the first round of the Senate election in Georgia.

Republicans Battle For Control

Should Perdue and his fellow Republican Senator Kelly Loeffler lose their seats on January 5, the Republicans’ ability to block Congress would also be a thing of the past. Joe Biden could then rule largely unhindered.

2020 US Congressional Elections: Senate Republicans just one seat away from a majority

In the fight for a majority in the powerful US Senate, the Republicans are only one seat away from a majority. In the state of Alaska incumbent Dan Sullivan was re-elected with more than 57 percent of the vote, as the US television stations CNN and NBC reported on Wednesday. In North Carolina, the previous Republican mandate holder Thom Tillis prevailed after a close race.

The Republicans won 50 of the 100 seats in the Senate. The Democrats currently have 48 seats. The future occupation of two seats to which the state of Georgia is entitled is still open. They will not be awarded until a runoff election on January 5th.

US congressional elections 2020: Surprising turnaround in Senate election – Georgia will go into the runoff election in January

Now it is certain that Georgia will be re-elected on January 5, 2021. A candidate must get over 50 percent of the vote to win the election. That was not the case with either candidate. Senator David Perdue (Republican) and Jon Ossoff (Democrat), and so as Senator Kelly Loeffler (Republican) and Raphael Warnock (Democrat), will be face to face in early January. This election will be exciting again, as it is about a majority in the Senate. This would be especially important for the newly elected President Joe Biden, who just managed to secure victory in Pennsylvania could. If the Republicans got more seats than the Democrats, they could block his laws. It will then be very difficult to push through renewals.

US congressional elections 2020: a surprising turnaround in Senate election – new hope for Biden’s camp

Despite the losses of the Democrats in the House of Representatives, its spokeswoman Nancy Pelosi drew a positive balance from the election result on Tuesday, as CNN reported, citing a “democratic source”.

Appeals Court Rules Against Trump ; Appropriation of Military Funds Illegal

Last week, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th District decreed that Trump’s use of the $3.6 billion military funds for the US-Mexico border wall is illegal. That being the case, Trump’s plans on furthering the construction of certain sections of the border wall has been ordered to stop immediately.

Atty. Dror Ladin, a senior staff lawyer of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) National Security Project said the Court of Appeals ruling only confirms that Trump‘s use of National Emergency powers was unconstitutional; using border communities and immigrants as reasons for the emergency purpose. Atty. Ladin said it’s high time for Trump to desist from using government funds for his needless and illicit projects

Why Trump’s Border Wall Expansion Project was Judged Illegal

Under the constitutionally recognized structure of government, only Congress has the power to allocate government funds as annual budgets of different government departments. Not satisfied with the $1.4 billion allocated by Congress to fund his border wall expansions project, Trump ordered the transfer of $3.6 billion military allocation as additional funds. Notwithstanding that Congress appropriated those funds for military construction purposes.

 

On the other hand, an incumbent U.S. president can use National Emergency powers only when the security of the entire country is at stake.

Claiming that he can do anything he wants as president of the United States, Trump cited the heavy flow of immigrants passing through Mexico borders toward U.S. soil, as threats to national security. Despite the flimsiness of the reason, Donald Trump gave orders to the Department of Homeland Security to proceed with the U.S.-Mexico border wall expansion and construction.

Requirements for Renting a Car

Notwithstanding where you are hoping to travel, rental car age requirements and limitations may influence the expense of your vehicle reservation. This is particularly valid for those hoping to lease a vehicle under 25 on the grounds that numerous rental providers will set exacting rental vehicle age cutoff points or charge an extra day by day expense known as a young driver overcharge. These age restrictions will differ contingent upon where and who you intend to lease your vehicle with, so it’s ideal to keep yourself educated and in charge of all your local vehicle rental expenses.

HOW OLD DO YOU HAVE TO BE TO RENT A CAR 

In many countries, drivers as young as 18 will have the option to book a rental car in wypożyczalnia samochodów Poznań . Albeit rental providers are happy to lease vehicles to younger ones, this will probably come with additional rental charges and certain limitations on rental armadas accessible. With more than 60 years of industry experience, Auto Europe has been reserving rental vehicles for voyagers all things considered.

A less known rental vehicle age prerequisite is a maximum age limit that will at times keep more established senior drivers from leasing a vehicle. These cutoff points ordinarily influence drivers 75 and more established, however singular rental providers can set these rental vehicle age prerequisites and limitations at their own tact. The uplifting news for senior residents is that these guidelines are remarkable in most European nations

RENTAL CAR AGE REQUIREMENT FACTS

Rental vehicle age prerequisites are resolved freely.

Vehicle rentals for 18 years olds are allowed, and despite the fact that the base legitimate driving age in most European nations is younger than 18, each particular vehicle rental organization can pick who they will or won’t lease to

Younger driver overcharges are acquired by rental providers and paid locally.

In the event that your age expects you to pay an extra expense as indicated by the terms and states of your rental vehicle contract, the extra sum won’t be remembered for your prepaid rate

Rental vehicle age limitations may expect you to buy insurance or protection.

On the off chance that you are a senior driver or more youthful driver, especially those looking to rent a vehicle under 21, you might be required to buy a comprehensive rate.

 

Understanding the Context of Impeachable Offenses in the U.S. Constitution

When four constitutional experts testified as part of the House Judiciary Committee’s deliberation of Donald Trump’s impeachable offenses, three of them agreed there was misconduct by the president in carrying out his sworn duty to protect the integrity of the constitution.

The three legal scholars invited by the Democrats, namely Michael Gerhardt of the University of North Carolina, Noah Feldman of Harvard University, and Pamela Karlan of Stanford University, all continued to give emphasis on the grounds with which impeachment proceedings were founded

Although the fourth scholar in the person of Jonathan Turley of George Washington University, who was invited by the Republicans, agreed with the others’ statements about impeachable offense, he criticized the procedural aspect of the hearing as being conducted in haste. As if doing so will lessen the seriousness of the testimonies and evidence presented as proofs of Trump’s misconduct.

Professor Gerhadt remarked that

“Nothing else is impeachable, if what is being discussed is not impeachable.”

What Does the Constitution Say about Impeachable Offenses and What are the Remedies?

The framers of the U.S. constitution made it clear that when a man is elected as President of the United States (POTUS), he cannot act like a king or behave like a dictator. He is the highest political leader of the land but with limited powers to use in defending the sanctity of the constitution and in protecting the interest of the country.

If more actions are needed, he then turns to Congress to seek legislation that will support additional actions deemed necessary in carrying out his duties as POTUS.

As a matter of procedure, the oath taking or the swearing in ceremony is not just a rite. It basically seals the contract between the elected POTUS and the American people; to which his undertaking is to act in accordance with the powers given to him by the Constitution. Otherwise, Congress, which holds the power to impeach a misbehaving president, has the duty to use that power when necessary.

Carrying out a constitutionally prescribed duty is different from exercising a privilege granted by the Constitution. A duty, regardless of partisan, personal belief, or creed must be performed when the laws of the land are being challenged and disregarded.

In House Judiciary Committee Chairman Nadler’s opening statement, he mentioned that there is enough damning evidence that made Donald Trump’s impeachment necessary. Trump committed acts meeting three conditions that make a president’s action as impeachable:

  • Betrayal of national interest,
  • Abuse of power, and
  • Interference in the conduct of elections.

What Shoes are Appropriate for Lawyers

If you are a lawyer or you will become a lawyer very soon, then your probably know that once you set your foot inside the courtroom, your goal is for the opposing team to feel intimidated by the way look, walk, and talk. How you look must give a very good impression while people are checking you out from head to toe.

A pleasing appearance will definitely help you establish a great image as well as authority inside the court. And believe me when I say that the shoes you are wearing is the first thing that they will notice. So, when looking for shoes either in store or online, make sure that it fits your attire. It will not matter if its a MBWB boots or an open shoes as long as it will add up to the appearance.

If you are reading this article, then you probably need tips when shopping for lawyer attire. To start, it is important to take note that the quality of the shoes should not always be based on how much it costs. Never. Because it is not always the case. No matter how expensive it is, if it does not fit on you or it will just ruin the package, it is not worth it.

To help you on the specs and things to look for, continue reading:

  • Sole – this is important when looking for a pair of shoes. If the sole is leather, then it will probably last longer and is comfortable to wear.
  • Stitching – when looking for shoes, make sure that they are properly stitched. Shoes that you find expensive probably means that it delicately stitched.
  • Details – although to some lawyers, this is not a big deal because it is only a small detail, then it is not to  some. It is still important to carefully check out the details to look for misprints.
  • Overall appearance- this, I think is the most important because how your shoes look will either ruin or full get up or not. Colors that are safe to use are black, brown, and nude.

Legal Experts Confirm that a U.S. President Can Still be Indicted When No Longer In Office

A U.S. president currently holding office becomes an ordinary citizen once he or she steps down from said government position. Once out of the Oval Office, an ex-president can be indicted if further investigations of any purported wrongdoings during his tenure as president of the United States, draw further evidence that he or she is guilty of having committed related criminal acts.

This legal matter cropped up last July 24, 2019, after former FBI head Robert Mueller testified in a 7-hour long Congressional hearing.  To queries raised by lawmakers regarding the culpability of Trump, former Special Counsel Mueller testified that Donald Trump could be charged once he is no longer in office.

Key Points to Consider about Mueller’s Testimony

The former FBI head made it clear that:

Trump could be indicted to face charges after he leaves office, which is quite different from the Democrats’ general analysis that the Mueller Report provides basis for filing impeachment charges against Donald Trump.

Even before he answered questions, the former FBI head had made it clear that in the Mueller Report, which read as ”we did not reach a determination as to whether the president committed a crime,” did not mean exoneration of any misdeeds that seemingly involved Donald Trump.

Robert Mueller testified that according to the Office of Legal Counsel (OLC)) of the Department of Justice, a prosecutor cannot file charges against a sitting president. The main reasons for this ruling include deference for impeachment proceedings, and the need to keep the head of the government, free from distractions while performing important duties.

Still, the ruling also states that the prosecutor can continue the investigation to determine if other persons, including the president, might be involved in an established conspiracy; such as the proven case of Russian interference in the 2016 presidential elections.

Legal Experts Confirm Mueller’s Testimony

The website Punditfact referred the aforesaid matter to legal experts who gave the following opinion:

Mark Osler, a Law Professor at the University of St. Thomas.agreed with Mueller, saying that

Once a president is out of office, both deference to impeachment and the need to avoid distraction from his or her important duties as chief executive, evaporate as primary reasons to avoid prosecution.”

Josh Chafetz, a Law Professor at Cornell University likewise agreed with Mueller; stating that

”Arguments based on the supposed position of the president at the top of the prosecutorial hierarchy, also lose force for former presidents

.

Diane Marie Amann, a Law Professor at the University of Georgia voiced the same opinion; pointing out the line in the Justice Department ruling that says the prohibition to indict a sitting president fades, when he or she leaves office.

Statute of Limitations Applicable to the Ruling on Indictment of Ex-Presidents

If continuing investigations into alleged criminal acts provide basis for indicting a former president, any charges filed against that ex-president must be made within five (5) years. This is in line with the Statute of Limitations applicable to federal charges of obstruction of justice filed by a government administration against a former U.S. president.

However, the statutes have exceptions to which Congress can in theory, extend the time limit to prosecute the former chief executive. Still, if the present administration of the government chooses not to file charges within 5 years, then that former head of state becomes exempt from prosecution.

Game Laws – What do they exist?

Game Camera World gives hunters reviews and guides on which are the best trail cameras, how to care for them, and how to effectively use them. These could be very helpful to both experienced and amateur hunters. However, being a good hunter is not only about gears and techniques, it is also about being aware of the laws and regulations for hunting as well as understanding it clearly.

Game Laws – What are they?

These are statutes wherein the right to track and seize or kill specific types of fish as well as wild animals (also called game) are regulated. Their range could include:

  • Limiting the number of days to gather or harvest fish or game
  • Controlling the quantity of animals for every person
  • Restricting the kind of species to be harvested
  • Limiting the type of weapons as well as fishing gear utilized in harvesting fish or game

Generally, fishermen, hunters, and legislators concur that the intentions of such statutes is to create and maintain a balance in the preservation, conservation and harvest of both wildlife (game) and fish, which is a necessity. Moreover, game laws are a way of controlling and managing the environment as well as the populations of game and fish. They could also furnish a lawful structure to impose and collect fees for license and other monetary resources which is utilized to finance efforts and initiatives for conservation and to acquire material and information regarding harvest utilized in the practices for wildlife management.

The Lacey Act

Throughout the United States’ early history, insignificant or no interest was given to the devastation of birds and other wildlife. A law that was passed in 1817 in Massachusetts was perhaps the earliest law concerning this matter, wherein it established closed seasons for particular birds and animals that were hunted as game. Ultimately, whether of woodland, field, prairie, or stream, wild game turned out to be protected better. Every state has passed their own game laws and almost all of the states established a commission for game and fish commission as well as game wardens.

The Lacey Act of 1900 (Lacey Act) is a national conservation law wherein that forbids the trade of fish, wildlife, and plants that were unlawfully obtained, owned, transported, or peddled.

Instituted into the US Congress by Iowa Republican Rep. John F. Lacey, the Act was signed on May 25, 1900 by Pres. William McKinley turning in a law. It aims to safeguard both flora and fauna by setting civil and criminal penalizations for individuals who go against the regulations and rules. The law empowers the Interior Secretary to help in the restoration of birds and game in places within United States where they have come to be rare, endangered or extinct. The Lacey Act is still in force and amended several times.

U.S. Chamber of Commerce Poised to Legally Block Trump’s New Mexico Importation Tariffs

On the same day (May 30, 2019) when the U.S. – China Trade War negotiations broke down, U.S. president Donald Trump announced that starting June 10, 2019, he will be imposing a five percent (5%) tariff on Mexico importations. The said tariff will increase by another five percent (5%) every month up to October, 2019 until it reaches a max of twenty-five percent (25%).

The uproar against the new tariff imposition is so resounding that no less than the U.S. Chamber of Commerce (USCC) intends to sue Donald Trump. John Murphy, USCC Senior Vice President Of International affairs came out with an announcement that his group is constrained to make a move against the new Trump tariff.

As it is, leading business organizations are already discussing filing a lawsuit against the White House, to which actions on how they will go about it will be decided this Monday (June 03, 2019.) Mr. Murphy commented,

“Imposing tariffs on goods purchased from Mexico is exactly the wrong move… American families and businesses will be paying the tariffs, without solving the very real problems at the U.S. – Mexico border.”

Trump said that imposing tariffs on Mexico is his administration’s way of pressuring Mexico President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador to step up with the blocking of Central American migrants to prevent groups from crossing into the U.S border. Trump intends to impose the Mexico tariff until such time the issue concerning the surge of illegal immigrants passing through Mexico, has been resolved.

USCC Analysis of the New Tariff Impact on U.S. States that Import Goods from Mexico

In 2018, imported goods from Mexico totaled $346.5 billion. Should the Trump administration go ahead with the five percent (5%) tariff on Mexico importations, the USCC estimates that American consumers and businesses will be confronted with as much as $17 billion in tax increases.

Yet that is only the initial onus that taxpayers have to shoulder. Since the planned tariff is set to gradually increase at five percent (5%) each succeeding month to reach 25% by October, 2019, the potential tax burden could soar to $86 billion. Trump intends to impose the 25% tariff until Mexico does something to stop the flow of illegal immigrants into the U.S. border.

Businesses in the U.S. states of Texas, Michigan, California, Illinois, Ohio and Arizona regard Mexico as a top trading partner, as importing goods coming from the country has contributed to their economic growth and job opportunities. These states will be the hardest hit, if businesses and consumer will be constrained to pay additional taxes on the goods they import from Mexico.

U.S. Code § 6103: Law Permitting Disclosure of Tax Returns and Related Tax Information to Committees of Congress

Under the Internal Revenue Code, income tax returns and other information related to tax returns can be kept confidential. That is the general rule; but with certain exceptions which Congress passed into law in 1924 under U.S. Code § 6103.

The provision listed exceptions to the confidentiality rule; permitting disclosure of tax returns or related information upon request of certain individuals or examining authority. It was noted that disclosure of tax returns to Committees of Congress, is among the long list of exceptions to the tax information confidentiality rule.

This particular provision is highly relevant to President Trump’s continuing refusal to submit copies of his personal tax returns. Richard Neal, D-Mass of the House Ways and Means, in his capacity as Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, had sent a letter to the IRS of the Treasury Department last April 03, 2019. Compliance to the House Committee’s request is expected on or before April 10, 2019.

However, through a new set of lawyers hired by Donald Trump, the president stayed firm on his refusal to furnish Congress with documents and information related to his personal and business tax returns. Trump’s new attorney, William Consovoy sent a 4-page letter seeking to weaken the validity of the reason for which the confidentiality exemption is being invoked.

Trump’s Refusal will Likely Lead to Another Court Battle

Even before House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Neal sent the request, he already anticipated that Trump will do everything possible to keep his personal and business tax information confidential. If necessary, the House Ways and Means Committee intends to bring this matter to court.

Consovoy’s letter is seen as a mere ploy to delay the Treasury Department’s release of the requested documents, whilst awaiting the Justice Department’s position regarding the matter. Not a few regard U.S. Code § 6103 as an obscure provision that requires clarification, as its legislation was an offshoot of the Teapot Dome scandal that involved certain cabinet members of President Harding’s administration.

The Distinction Between Health Law And Health Policy

Centers or institutions for health as well as practitioners like Theodore DaCosta from Gastro Center NJ operate with utmost awareness of healthcare regulations. For the general public, it could be overwhelming to identify and comprehend all the regulations, policies, and laws that relate to the industry of health care as well as to know which governing agency is in authority for the implementation of specific requirements.

Regulations, laws, or policies have a considerable and important function in both the industry of health care and the protection coverage for health care. The different regulatory agencies or bodies keep the general public from several health hazards and offer various public health and welfare programs. Not only are regulations on health care created and carried out by the local, state, and federal government, but also by private groups.

Regulations and standards on health care regulations are essential to make certain of compliance as well as to deliver safe health care to every single person who accesses and avails of the system and programs. Regulatory agencies for health care also keep an eye on facilities and practitioners, give info about any changes or updates, uphold safe and quality services, and make sure of legal adherence.

Health Policy And Health Law Distinctions

Many find the distinction between policy and law to be puzzling, particularly in healthcare and medicine than in other industries which is because of the deeply regulated make-up of organizations that have to do with public health in the United States.

HEALTHCARE LAW

Health care laws are a reference to overall agencies of rules and regulations through which industries of America are obligated to stay in compliance with. Majority of educational institutions see this as an umbrella term for numerous specialized fields such as occupational healthcare, public healthcare, bioethics, global healthcare, infectious disease control and more. This word is often times utilized in connection to the method in which regulations and rules are abided by, instead of the defiance of particular obligatory practices.

HEALTHCARE POLICY

Healthcare policies are a reference to particular rules and regulations that are intended to either attain or avert a specific objective or result concerning the broader extent of public healthcare regulation. Healthcare policies are concrete rules and guidelines that are aimed at bringing initiatives by an organization or the government to specific ends. These policies could be kept as legal measures by the local, state, or federal government of the United States. They may also be carried out by an organization, company, or group in connection with its own procedures. This is generally the outcome of that company or organization complying or abiding to the safety guidelines of as well as for general legal obligations and requirements.

Cohen’s Latest Testimony Could Boost Trump’s Unprecedented Number of Lawsuits

Michael Cohen’s testimony at the hearing conducted by the House Committee on Oversight and Reforms last February 27, 2019, opened a can of worms so to speak. Albeit being discredited for his own conviction mainly as a tax cheat, a perjurer, and a falsifier of documents, Michael Cohen produced documents that serve as starting points from which other related documents will be scrutinized.

As a result, Democrats serving as committee members of the House Judiciary Committee, have sent out 81 requests for documents to different Trump Administration members, as well as to family and associates linked to the Trump Organization and electoral campaign. Through the requested documents, the investigating panel aims to establish whether or not, Michael Cohen’s latest testimony is credible, or just another thread of lies to bring down Donald Trump.

According to House Representative Ted Lieu (D-CA), the results of their investigation will either absolve or implicate Trump and members of his family, staff, advisers, campaign supporters and all others linked to Cohen’s testimony of Trump’s wrongdoings.

House Judiciary Committee’s Probe to Compound Trump’s Political Problems

When asked last Monday if he and every recipient of the document request, intends to cooperate, President Trump signified that he will, as he does all the time and with everybody. However, Trump could not resist adding that the House Judiciary Committee investigation, is a “political hoax.” Furthermore, he suggested that the absence of collusion will render the outcome of the investigation as mertiless.

That is Trump’s view; but not for NY Democrat and Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, Jerrold Nadler. The latter believes that if there is anything that Trump is guilty of, it is that of obstructing justice. Rep. Nadler cited Trump’s public attacks and criticisms on investigators probing his associates and business transactions, as a form of intimidation intended to obstruct justice.

 

House Committee Chairman Nadler explicitly stated,

Over the last several years, President Trump has evaded accountability for his near-daily attacks on our basic legal, ethical, and constitutional rules and norms,”…Investigating these threats to the rule of law is an obligation.

Lawsuits a Norm for Trump

In June 2016, USA Today published a list of legal cases filed in US Federal Courts and in common law courts, totalling about 3500. Trump and his businesses were named either as plaintiffs, defendants or as third party to bankruptcy proceedings. In those cases, 500 claims against Trump were dismissed, while of those with clear resolution, 451 were ruled in Trump’s favor, with only 38 cases ruled otherwise.

At least 100 cases reached extrajudicial settlements that paid out hundreds of thousands; the highest known settlement was in the range of tens of millions.

Lawsuits continued to pour in, even during Trump’s presidency, including one involving a mauling incident ordered by Trump against protesters in Louisville, Kentucky. The numbers continue to rise, with the most recent being the lawsuits filed by political watchdogs, and 16 U.S.states against Trump’s national emergency declaration.

In this aspect, Donald Trump surpasses the record of even the most challenged individual to ever assume office as president of the United States, for having faced and about to face an unprecedented number of lawsuits.

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